Body Image after Cancer Treatment and Surgery
For many people living with cancer or in remission, changes in appearance can be a major source of concern and anxiety. This is not vanity. Much of our identity is related to our physical appearance from how we wear our hair to what clothes we choose. Body shape and size, including breasts, are often tied to a sense of self, self-expression, sexuality, and self-esteem.
Appearance Related Side-effects
Appearance-related impacts of cancer can be temporary (like hair loss and skin changes) or more permanent (like surgery or scarring). They can all affect a person at a time when they may already feel vulnerable, which can negatively impact their mental and emotional health.
For anyone facing a cancer diagnosis, there’s enough to cope with emotionally without also feeling that there’s no space to speak about body image issues or that it is somehow selfish or vain to worry about them. For Dee-Jay Jodoin, a B.C. woman in remission, changes to her physical appearance like hair loss and weight gain were hard to accept.
The Physical and Emotional Connection
“People going through cancer treatment often experience a change in their body image and in their relationship with their body,” says Monique Voorn, a social worker at the Simcoe Muskoka Regional Cancer Centre in Barrie, Ontario. “They may be unhappy about how their appearance has changed, whether they’ve had breast surgery or scars they don’t like, or lymphedema. Sometimes, a woman may not have had significant visual changes to her body but feels like her body has failed her or that she can’t count on it.”
There can also be physical changes that a person may not expect. “With radiation, there are skin changes,” notes Larissa Dyck, an oncology nurse in Calgary, Alta. “The area that’s treated darken and may take a while to fade, and skin can get tighter and be uncomfortable for some patients, causing a loss of range of motion.”
Keloids – a type of raised scar that can arise after a surgery. These can be a particular concern for Black women specifically.
Weight can be an issue, too. Being on hormones can cause weight changes that can turn women’s body image completely upside down and they can get really down on themselves.
It takes time for women to recognize and appreciate the full impact of the changes they’ve undergone during their cancer journey. “It’s often near the end of treatment when it really hits women what they’ve been through and all the changes they’ve undergone – physical and otherwise,” says Dyck. “When patients are finished their treatment, they expect things to go back to normal — but they may still be on long-term hormones or medication, and that’s when it can be really hard. They expect their bodies to just bounce back, and they want to go back to work and exercise, but things aren’t the same as before.”
Empowerment is Different for Every Person
While physical symptoms can affect a person in a finite number of ways, the emotional experience is different for everyone.
“When some women lose their hair with chemo, they’ll proudly wear a head scarf. Other women have a complete loss of identity and want to wear a wig. They may fear that their partners won’t be attracted to them.”
Larissa Dyck
– Oncology nurse from Calgary, Alberta
“There’s a wave or rollercoaster ride of emotions in any type of cancer. There’s a lot of grief. We grieve all kinds of changes or losses in our lives that cancer brings — to your body, to your innocence, and to the carefree way that you may have used to experience life.”
Monique Voon
– Social Worker from Simcoe Muskoka Regional Cancer Centre
EVERY DAY WE HELP PEOPLE FEEL LIKE THEMSELVES AGAIN
Look Good Feel Better workshops help women, men and teens with cancer learn how to manage the physical, social and emotional impacts of cancer and its treatment in small and supportive groups.
Skincare & Makeup: Learn how to care for sensitive skin plus tips & techniques for managing the loss of brows and lashes, adding colour back to the face, makeup hygiene, and sun safety.
Bras & Prostheses: Learn about options available for post-surgery and beyond, what to expect at a breast form fitting, tips for where to find financial coverage, and more.
Wigs & Scarves: See a demonstration on various head coverings, what to consider when selecting a wig, easy scarf-tying techniques, plus caring for your scalp during and after treatment.
Teens: This special workshop just for teens includes skincare, on-trend make-up tips to feel your best and a demonstration of fun styles for caps, wraps, and hair alternatives.
Let’s navigate this together
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Is Areola Restoration (a.k.a. Nipple Tattooing) right for you?
Nipple tattooing uses ink and shading techniques like traditional tattooing; this gives the illusion of 3D nipples where none exist. After breast cancer surgery, some people choose in areola restoration because it provides them a sense of confidence, empowerment, and comfort.
Whether you choose to include this in your post-cancer journey is entirely up to you. Here are some of the things to consider if you choose to explore this option.
Is there a ‘Right Type’ of Breast Tissue?
The first important thing to know is that nipple tattoos can be done on any type of tissue:
Reconstructed breast, with or without implants
Reconstructed nipples
Chest wall after a mastectomy
“Is a mastectomy tattoo the same thing as a nipple tattoo / areola restoration?”
No! Areola restoration are realistic tattoos done to look like an areola and 3D nipple. Decorative Tattoos, also known as mastectomy tattoos, are a form of body art that can be used to cover or camouflage scars. These types of tattoos can be any type of design or image. Many patients find it to be an empowering form of self-expression and an opportunity to redefine one’s experience after breast cancer surgery.
How do I find a Nipple Tattoo technician?
You are investing both time and money into the procedure so you should be comfortable with the person doing the work
- The tattoos are permanent, so you want to be confident in your choice.
- If you are feeling overwhelmed, ask a trusted friend to help you make calls and pre-screen with you.
- You might also want to speak to your doctor, medical team, or other women for references too.
- Before deciding on a technician, ask to see photos of the technician’s work. You can also request to call, email, or meet with a former client and ask about their experience.
Consider these things when choosing a technician:
Safety
Choose a place registered with your local public health unit
Tattooing is not regulated under Federal or Provincial governments. Establishments, however, can register with public health and will be inspected and regulated
Public health regulations will include standards on things like hand washing, sterilization, single-use needles, and bagging of machines to prevent the risk of infection
Artistry & Technique
Ensure that the colour, design and shading is skillfully planned and executed. This will help create a realistic areola tattoo. These factors should be customized for you to match an existing nipple, replicate what you are used to or align with your personal preferences. Colour, shape, size is unique to each woman.
Like with art, colour theory is a vital component of tattooing. It’s extremely important that the technician you select is experienced and knowledgeable on the role of skin tones and undertones as well as how they will impact the way colour pigments show up on you.
Before finalizing an areola design on your body, ensure the technician can draw it on paper first. This will show whether they have the artistic skills to deliver on the design you have selected.
Proper technique will ensure the colour pigment stays vibrant as the skin heals and tattoo develops. Stretching of the skin as the needle is tattooing will also help achieve this and ensure the ink does not fade.
Other things to look for include: no patchiness, clean line work, and smooth shading.
Colour and Camouflaging Scars
Tattooing can cover a scar that is light by making it darker, but it is very difficult to make a dark scar lighter
Laser therapy may help in lightning scars and should be considered if lighting is needed before embarking on tattooing
Empathy
Your needs are important during this experience. Ensure you feel comfortable with your technician
A technician should be patient throughout the process from deciding on a design to respecting your needs for breaks while getting the tattoo
Asking questions and speaking up if you are uncomfortable provides a better experience for you, and also ensures the technician is attuned to your needs
Cost
The cost of areola restoration can vary from $500-$1500 depending on whether it is unilateral or bilateral
Some provinces offer coverage through public health insurance
Though costs may increase with the use of proper PPE and medical grade pigment, you should insist on these
Is areola tattooing right for you?
Get your questions answered in our Areola Tattooing Workshop.
Let’s navigate this together
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Breast Forms: Fittings and Retailers
Find a Retailer in your Community
There are many retailers across Canada which carry breast care products. Medical specialist shops are one option and they often carry a large variety of products. Larger departments stores and lingerie stores can carry some mastectomy bras and breast forms too.
Consider asking for recommendations from your cancer care centre, friends or family members, or search online. You can also reference Anita Canada’s list of certified retailers to find one near you. Remember to call ahead to book an appointment and ask questions.
Preparing for a Breast Form Fitting:
Most fittings are more than an hour – call and book an appointment
Schedule 6+ weeks after surgery
Ensure you don’t have any swelling to find a proper fit
Wait until there’s no drainage at site
You should be completely healed: no wounds or bandages
Bring a fitted t-shirt to test how your bra looks underneath it
Nervous about going into a retail breast form shop?
Call ahead and ask some of these questions:
Do they carry a full range of products?
Can you try all of the products on?
Will they explain the differences in products to you?
Do they offer a private fitting room with a full-length mirror?
How busy will they be at the time of your appointment?
Is the retailer knowledgeable of various surgery types and treatments?
Let’s navigate this together
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Caring for Scaring
Healing from cancer surgeries involves both physical and emotional challenges. Managing scar tissue is an important part of your recovery journey.
BEFORE SURGERY:
- If you are prone to keloids, ask your surgeon how this can be best managed with medication, topical treatments or strategic scar placement.
- It is okay to be concerned about scarring and to advocate for yourself!
AFTER SURGERY:
- Follow care instructions from your surgeon to keeping the surgical site clean.
- Once approved by your surgeon (approximately one month after surgery), you can start massaging the scar using either a beauty oil or scar reducing oil.
- Silicone scar sheets can help improve healing.
- Don’t wear clothing that compresses the scar for at least 4-6 weeks after surgery. If that makes wearing a regular bra difficult, try a tube top, tank top, or leisure bra to provide support if needed.
- Wait at least one year after all treatments are done before getting any nipple or decorative tattoos.
Physical Discomfort
It can be discouraging to still feel pain, swelling, tightness, sensitivity or a restricted range of motion after completing cancer treatment. For some people, discomfort may last far past their expected recovery time from surgery or radiation.
Prolonged Discomfort
Prolonged discomfort may be a build-up of scar tissue inside the body, typically around the breast, chest or shoulder area.
Scaring can cause the surrounding tissue to become denser and less elastic and result in restricted movement and/or pain. Some patients describe it as feeling “sticky” or “like Velcro” when they try moving the affected area.
Easing Discomfort
You may want to consider adding a physiotherapist or massage therapist who specializes in caring for breast cancer patients to your care team.
Talk to your primary care team about your concerns and mention this possibility. If you find your medical team resistance to these suggestions, don’t be afraid to advocate for yourself.
Physiotherapy or massage therapy is done on the chest, breast and/or shoulders to loosen and soften tissue.
Your provider may suggest techniques such as:
Myofascial release
Deep friction massage
Cupping therapy
Remember to…
Talk to your surgeon or oncologist to ensure that enough recovery time has passed before booking an appointment with a physio or massage therapist.
What healthcare professionals provide care for scar tissue?
Typically, it will be a physiotherapist or massage therapist who will have specialized expertise and experience working with breast cancer patients.
Refer to the Society for Oncology Massage and Canadian Physiotherapy Association to learn more and access a directory.
Your provincial Lymphedema Association can also be a great resource for therapists familiar with breast-cancer related side effects.
Some healthcare professionals use the term Cancer Rehabilitation to refer to their services that help manage the common side effects of cancer and cancer treatment. This can be a great search term when looking for professionals in your area.
Questions to ask Professionals:
Are you a licensed Healthcare provider registered with the provincial college?
Are you experienced in treating breast cancer patients?
Do you provide techniques I can do at home?
Are these services covered by provincial healthcare?
Are they covered by private medical insurance?
You’re not in this alone.
Find a supportive community and get expert advice in our workshops.
Let’s navigate this together
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Before Radiation
Start A Routine:
If you haven’t started radiation yet, now is an excellent time to start a skincare routine. It will help protect your moisture barrier and give you a good starting point.
Follow these simple steps:
Cleanse
Moisturize
Protect
Make sure you choose products that are labeled with words like:
Gentle
Fragrance-free
ph-balancing
For eczema
During Radiation Treatment
Here are some easy-to-follow tips to help your skin during treatment:
- Keep showers or baths short and use lukewarm water; avoid extreme temperatures.
- Use gentle, fragrance free and ph-balancing products daily to cleanse and moisturize.
- Protect your skin from sun because treatment areas will be extra-sensitive.
- Cover the treated area with sun-protective clothing or items you cannot see through when you hold them up to the light. If you can’t cover the area, ask your care team about sunscreen options.
Be Gentle with the Treatment Area
- Don’t rub, massage or scratch the area.
- Avoid using facecloths. The friction can damage the skin.
- Use a soft towel to pat skin just enough to remove water – don’t rub completely dry.
- Prevent rubbing and friction by wearing loose-fitting clothing, ideally cotton or other soft, breathable fabrics.
Things to Consider
- Save shaving or use hair removal creams for after treatment. Don’t try to remove hair from a treatment area.
- Consider products with thermal water, which have been shown to reduce radiation’s negative impacts on the skin.
- Keep areas under your breast dry to avoid fungal infections in the folds.
Cornstarch (not talcum powder) or an antifungal powder can help manage itchiness and redness.
Experiencing skin side effects?
Learn how to minimize and manage them in our Advanced Skincare Workshop.
Let’s navigate this together
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Wig Care: What do you need?
A wire stand that allows air to circulate through the wig
If your wig is synthetic, special cleansers and leave-in conditioners (available at all wig salons), and a wide-tooth comb
If your wig is human hair, salon-quality shampoo and conditioner for chemically treated hair
About an hour for your first wig-cleaning experience
It will eventually take less time as you practice and gain experience caring for your wig
Cleaning Your Wig
Synthetic-Hair Wig:
- With a wide-tooth comb, gently but thoroughly brush or comb your wig before washing.
- Fill sink with cold water and thoroughly mix in 1 to 2 tbsp. (15–30 ml) of appropriate shampoo.
- Turn wig inside out, swish through water, and submerge a few times.
- Drain sink and refill with fresh cold water, then immerse wig a few times to rinse.
- Gently shake water from wig over the sink – do not squeeze or twist.
- Place on wire stand to dry – about eight to 12 hours.
- Never comb or brush a wig when it’s wet; wait until it’s completely dry.
Human-Hair Wig:
- Run wig under warm water.
- Place a small amount of shampoo on fingers and gently work into the hair, stroking downward from the weft (base) to the ends.
- Rinse thoroughly under warm running water until water runs clear.
- Place a small amount of conditioner in your hand; gently work into hair and let sit for three to five minutes.
- Rinse thoroughly in warm water.
- Gently comb wet hair with a wide-tooth comb from weft to ends.
- Place on wire stand to dry.
Let’s navigate this together
Join a community that understands. Receive expert advice, useful resources, and compassionate tips throughout your cancer journey in the LGFB newsletter
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Advanced Skincare Workshop
Advances in cancer treatment have led to more people experiencing skin-related side effects, both during and after treatment. In this workshop, expert Onco-Dermatologists share simple steps to help minimize and manage common skin and nail issues.
About this workshop
What you will learn:
How evolving cancer treatments can cause new and different side effects
Practical steps to help minimize and manage common skin, scalp, and nail concerns during and after treatment
Step-by-step guidance from an Onco-Dermatologist
Topics Covered in Advance Skincare include:
Simple skincare and suncare routines
Scalp care
Nail Health
Managing dry, itchy, and irritated skin
Acne and rashes
Skin recovery post-treatment
This workshop is available Online
Join us!
- This workshop delivered via a Q&A with our medical professional, and is offered approximately four times a year.
- It is roughly an hour and fifteen (1:15) minutes in length and is delivered over Zoom.
- Be sure to add your questions on the registration form!
Who should attend this workshop?
This workshop is available for anyone who is…
- Currently in treatment
- Post-treatment but may still be experiencing side-effects impacting their skin, scalp, or nails
- This workshop is designed to address skin concerns wherever people are in their cancer continuum
What Our Participants Have to Say
“Just knowing others are going through the same symptoms gave me hope.”
- Workshop Participant
“This webinar was delivered beautifully. I liked how participants’ questions were answered and things were explained at length.”
- Workshop Participant
Let’s navigate this together
Join a community that understands. Receive expert advice, useful resources, and compassionate tips throughout your cancer journey in the LGFB newsletter
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Wigs & Scarves Workshop
Learn about hair loss and caring for your scalp during treatment, all about wigs, and other hair alternatives, including scarf-tying techniques.
About this Workshop
What you will learn:
Caring for your scalp during and after cancer treatment
What to expect with hair regrowth
Discover all types of head coverings, including wigs
What to consider if selecting a wig
Pros and cons between synthetic and human hair
Easy scarf-tying techniques and more
The information and dialogues are designed to help you:
Manage the physical side effects of cancer treatment with simple, practical guidance
Connect with others who may understand what you are going through
Know what to expect during treatment
Prepare for treatment to help minimize potential side effects
Feel more like yourself
This workshop is available ONLINE and IN-PERSON
Online
- The ONLINE workshop is ONE HOUR long and is delivered via Zoom.
- Relax and join us from the comfort of your home.
IN-PERSON
- The IN-PERSON workshop is 2 HOURS long and is called Skincare, Makeup & Hair.
- It combines our Wigs & Scarves and our Skincare & Makeup Workshops into a single 2-hour session.
- The in-person workshop is only available in select locations around Canada.
Who should attend this workshop?
This workshop is available to anyone who is about to start cancer treatment, is currently in treatment or has completed treatment in the last 12 months and would like information about or support around this topic.
What are participants have to say
“The volunteers were excellent and so caring. It’s the first time I’ve laughed in awhile.”
- Workshop Participant
“This workshop exceeded my expectations. It helps to talk to an expert who is positive, fashionable and gives all the tips. One example – I had no idea how a chemo/sleep cap is such an important base layer!”
- Workshop Participant
Let’s navigate this together
Join a community that understands. Receive expert advice, useful resources, and compassionate tips throughout your cancer journey in the LGFB newsletter
Newsletter Form
Skincare & Makeup Workshop
Discover practical ways to manage the physical side effects of cancer treatment on your skin, hair, and face, including skincare, makeup, hair loss, wigs and other head coverings. Available online or in-person
About this workshop
What you will learn:
Counteract side effects such as discolouration and dry skin
Find tips and techniques for managing the loss of brows and lashes
Practice simple makeup steps to add colour back to your face
Makeup hygiene and sun safety
The information and dialogues are designed to help you:
Manage the physical side effects of cancer treatment with clear, practical guidance.
Connect with others who may understand what you are going through.
Understand what to expect during treatment.
Prepare for treatment to help minimize potential side effects.
Feel more like yourself again.
This workshop is available ONLINE and IN-PERSON.
ONLINE
- The ONLINE workshop is one hour long and is delivered via Zoom.
- Relax and learn from the comfort of your own home.
IN-PERSON
- The IN-PERSON workshop is 2 hours long.
- Called Skincare, Makeup & Hair, it combines both our Skincare & Makeup and our Wigs & Hair Alternatives workshops.
- In-person workshops are only available in select locations around Canada.
Who should attend this workshop?
This workshop is available to anyone who is:
- about to start cancer treatment
- is currently in treatment or
- has completed treatment in the last 12 months and would like information about or support around this topic.
The Confidence Kit
Participants in the Skincare & Makeup workshop receive a free kit of skincare and cosmetics products.
These products are generously donated to Look Good Feel Better and meet the regulations set forth by Health Canada.
These products are for educational purposes, so you may practice the techniques explained in the workshop.
- In-person workshop: You will receive the kit in the workshop.
- Online workshop: The kit will be shipped to you. It generally arrives 15-20 business days AFTER the workshop.
What Our Participants Have to Say
” This workshop was so useful because it wasn’t just information. It ‘normalized’ the techniques to cope with cancer & treatment related challenges to appearance. Yes, wear makeup and take care of your skin not just in spite of cancer and treatments but because of cancer and treatments! Here is how to do it well and safely!”
- Mirabel R., Workshop Participant
Participating in our workshops
97%
of Workshop Participants
would recommend our workshops to another person facing cancer.
32%
of Our Participants
feel somewhat confident BEFORE our workshops.
89.1%
of Our Participants
reported feeling somewhat confident or confident about their appearance AFTER our workshops.
Let’s navigate this together
Join a community that understands. Receive expert advice, useful resources, and compassionate tips throughout your cancer journey in the LGFB newsletter
Newsletter Form
Working as an oncology nurse has been my dream for so long. Losing my mom to breast cancer definitely influenced my decision to work in oncology and my desire to help people. It’s incredibly rewarding. But one thing’s for sure – I never expected to be on the other side of the diagnosis, facing cancer myself.
I especially didn’t expect it at just 30 years old – and 24 weeks pregnant with my first child. My mom passed away when I was only two years old, and to suddenly get the same diagnosis while I was on the verge of becoming a mom myself was beyond terrifying. I practically blacked out when I heard the news. I kept thinking, “What? I’m pregnant. This isn’t supposed to happen.” It was quite the curveball, to say the least.
While it was the most difficult news to receive, I’m so grateful they caught it early. I’m thankful that there were chemo medications I could take that were safe for my unborn son. I have the most phenomenal doctors and nurses – my colleagues in the cancer centre in Sudbury, Ontario, became my caregivers overnight. I have a wonderful support team through my husband, Ryan, and my step-mom, who I really think of as my mom, as she’s been a mother to me my whole life. She has been my rock. And this whole ordeal has given me a completely new perspective on facing cancer, despite the fact that I’ve cared for cancer patients for seven years now.
For example, although I supported cancer patients in their journeys everyday as a nurse, I underestimated the mental and emotional toll that cancer treatment would have on me. For one, losing my hair was so tough. I had always been like, “Oh, it’s just hair, it’ll grow back.” But it’s not just hair. It was part of me and my self-esteem and how I presented myself to the world.
I already knew about Look Good Feel Better (LGFB) through my work in the chemo room, and it became such a valuable resource for me. I signed up for a workshop right away, and boy, was it ever awesome. As a nurse, I had often heard about the impact of LGFB but experiencing it firsthand was completely different. Like losing my hair, I didn’t fully grasp how much it would mean to me until I was living it.
I took my mom to the workshop as my support person, and it was so good for the soul. I learned some great hair and makeup tips, but more than that, it gave me a powerful sense of hope. It helped me reclaim my self-esteem and made the scary experience I was going through feel a whole lot less scary. I loved connecting with other women who were going through what I was going through. Having cancer can feel so lonely – I had all the support in the world, but people didn’t really understand what I was going through, because, well, they didn’t have the diagnosis. Being able to share my experience with the women in the workshop was really special.
I’m so grateful that LGFB exists, and that my future patients will have the opportunity to attend the workshops. And now, I can speak to the experience personally. When I’m able to go back to work, I know I’ll be able to connect with and support my patients on a whole new level.
My son, Matthew, has arrived, and things feel so much better now. A lot of the anxiety and fear of the unknown that I experienced – about cancer, about being a first-time mom – have faded. This journey has given me a deeper understanding of resilience, both for myself and my patients.